My deepest condolence

&ifrSmvGrf;&if
arQmfwkdif;jrifvGef;vdkU
vufnSdK; nTef&m oljzpfygapom;
t&Sifbk&m;/

pma&;q&m wm&mrif;a0 qdkwJh yef;acwfu vrif;wpif; raeUu Mo*kwfv 5 &ufaeU aeUvnfydkif;rSm &efukefNrdKU ajrmufOuúvmyaq;&HkBuD;rSm tonf;a&mif tom;0g pDydk;a&m*g (Hepatitis C) qdkwJh viykyfBuD; tkyfzHk;oGm;vdkU tcsdefrwdkifrDSrSm a<uvGifhoGm;&SmygNyD/

wm&mrif;a0qdkwJh uavmifudk yef;acwfu vrif; qdkwJh vHk;csif;0w¦KeJU pwif xif&Sm;ausmfMum; vmcJhayr,fh tJ'Drwdkifcifu a&Tbkef;vl qdkwJh uavmifeJU uAsmawG pmawG a&;zGJUcJhygw,f/ avpD;aMumif;xJuvlrsm; qdkwJh ol&JU0w¦Kwdkav;udk 1994 arvxkwf &ifcGifopf r*¾Zif;rSm pwifazmfjyjcif; cH&ygw,f/ wm&mrif;a0 [m opfyifwpfyifqdk&if tJ'D0w¦Kwdkav;u tJ'DtyifrSm yxrOD;qHk; yGifhcJhwJh yef;av;wpfyGifhyg/

igerf;csifwJh uHaumfa&
rif; yGifhaejyDvm; ...

wm&mrif;a0[m armf'ef pmayavmuxJudk vGwfvyf&Sif;vif;pGm 0ifa&mufvmolyg/ olUrSm (q&m? wynfU? tkyfpk? a'opGJ? 0g'pGJ? vludk;uG,frI) bmwpfckrS r&dScJhyg/ acwfvli,fwdkU bmombm0 armf'eftEkynmudk pdwf0ifpm;ol wpfa,mufyg/ EdkifiHwum armf'eftEkynm&Sifrsm;&JU enf;emrsm;udk wdkuf&dkuf,ljcif; rDSNirf;,ljcif; r[kwfbJ rdrdbmom qef;opfwDxGifjcif;udkom tm;jyKcJholyg/

olU&JU pmawGu pGJaqmifrI&dSygw,f/ omref cspfBudKufnm;uGJ Zmwfvrf;awGxJu cGJxGuf xdk;azmufxm;wJh tjyif Zmwfvrf;awGxJrSm pdwf0ifpm;p&mawG rSwfom;p&mawG yg&dSygw,f/ uAsm tzGJUtEGJUawGuvnf; aumif;rGef oyf&yfvSygw,f/ &ifudk pl;&SxdrSefapygw,f/

acgif;ndwf acgif;cg
rsufESmvGJz,f/

yihfouf wdk;wdwf
EIwfqdwfaer,f/

tjrif tMunf
r,SOfrdaMumif;
ocif ... od&if aysmfygw,f/

rdef;cav;awGtjyif a,musmFav; pmzwfy&dowfawG trsm;tjym; olUpmayawGudk zwf&IMuygw,f/  olUtaeeJU vHk;csif;pmtkyf 42 tkyfawmif xkwfxm;NyD;NyD qdkayr,fh aemufxyf trsm;BuD; a&;EdkifawG;Edkif zGJUqdk oDukH;Edkifao;wJh emrnfausmf pma&;q&m wpfOD;yg/ uHw&m;u awmfwJholawGqdk&if tcsdefrwdkifcif avmuBuD;uae qGJac:xkwfaeovdkyJ/

vmr,fh Mo*kwfv 7 &ufaeUrSm wm&mrif;a0udk a&a0;okomefudk ydkUaqmif oN*dK[fr,fvdkU Mum;odxm;&ygw,f/ olUaetdrfu ajrmuf'*Hk ? 45 &yfuGuf? yDrdk;eif; 1 vrf;rSmyg/ olxGufcGg EIwfqufoGm;csdefrSm ZeD;jzpfol pma&;q&mr raemf[&DeJU om;jzpfol acwfae wdkU usef&pfcJhygw,f/

nu yGifhuGJxGufaecsdef ...
vrif;[m txD;usef wdrfwdkufwpfckpDuae ...
aumif;uifBuD; vQHUusatmif a&mifjcnfawG &Gmcsovdk ...
0okefavxk wpfcGifwpfjyifrSm rif;&JUtoH ysHvGifhaew,f/


aumif;&mok*wd bHkb0rSm Nidrf;csrf;om,maeEdkifygap/

Friendship Day

Mo*kwfv&JU yxrOD;qHk;tygwf we*FaEGaeU[m Friendship Day yg/ 'DESpf 2007 twGufqdk Mo*kwfv 5 &ufaeUyg/ tJ'DaeUrSm udk,f&JU cifrif&wJh oli,fcsif;rdwfaqGawGeJU awGUMuqHkMu pum;vufpHk ajymMu&if; tJ'DaeUudk aysmfaysmfyg;yg; &,f&,farmarm jzwfoef;ukefqHk; MunfEl;MuwmayghAsm/

Friendship Day &JU ordkif;aMumif;av;udk jyefMunfUr,fqdk&if tJ'DaeUudk tar&duefEdkifiHu pwif jyKvkyfcJhwmyg/ jzwfoef;cJhwJh b0wavQmufvHk;rSm ta&;ygwJhae&mrSm tNrJ&dSaecJhwJh tzdk;wef rdwfaqG oli,fcsif;aumif;awGtwGuf owfowfrSwfrSwf &ufuav;wpfck owfrSwf*kPfjyKzdkU pOf;pm;rdcJh&muae pwifcJhygw,f/ 1935 rSm tar&duef uGef*&uf (The United States Congress) u  Mo*kwfv&JU yxrOD;qHk;tygwf we*FaEGaeU (the first Sunday in August) udk National Friendship Day tjzpf w&m;0ifaMunmcJhygw,f/ tJ'Duwnf;u pwifNyD; ESpfpOfusif;ycJhwm ,cktcsdeftxdygyJ/ cspfp&maumif;wJh tavhtxav;wpfck txdrf;trSwfyGJwpfck tjzpftaeeJU vlawGMum;rSm txl;a&yef;pm; xif&Sm;vmcJhygw,f/

tar&dum;rSm txl;xif&Sm;NyD; atmifjrifvmwJh Friendship Day udk tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;uyg aumfyDul; arG;pm;,lNyD; usif;yvmcJhMujyefygw,f/ 'DtcsdefrSmawmh ta&SUawmiftm&Su EdkifiHawG tygt0if wpfurÇmvHk;tESHUu EdkifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;rSm pdwfyg0ifpm;pGm vufcHusif;yaeMuygNyD/ 1997 rSm United Nation u Winnie - the Pooh t&kyfav;awGudk the world's Ambassador of Friendship tjzpf owfrSwfay;cJhygw,f/

tar&duefEdkifiHu pwifowfrSwfcJhwJh Friendship Day vdk wjcm;EdkifiHrsm;&JU "avhxHk;wrf; tpOftvmawGt& oD;jcm; owfrSwfxm;wJh Friendship Day aeU&ufav;awGvnf; &dSMuygao;w,f/ tJ'gawGu ...
* Women's Friendship Day is on the third Sunday in August
* International Friendship Month is February
* Old Friends, New Friends Week is the third week of May

tJ'DaeUrSm udk,fcspfcif&wJh rdwfaqG oli,fcsif;awGudk trSwfw& vufaqmifav;awG ay;Muygw,f/ vufaqmifav;awGu aps;BuD;BuD; wefzdk;&dS&dS vufaqmifawG jzpfzdkUrvdkygbl;/ t"du uawmh vufaqmifav;awGu udk,f&JU cifrifaEG;axG;rI cspfcif&if;ESD;rIawGudk azmfMuL;EdkifzdkUyJ vdkygw,f/  trsm;pkay;wJh vufaqmifav;awGu Friendship Bands, Flowers, Show Pieces, Chocolates, Soft Toys, Photo Frames and Photo Albums, Books, CDs and Stationery awGyg/ tJ'D trSwfw& vufaqmifav;awGu cspfp&maumif;NyD; trSwfw&vnf; jzpfapygw,f/ aps;vnf; rBuD;Muygbl;/

Friendship Quotes tcsdKUudk wygwnf; 'Dae&mrSm azmfjyvdkufcsifygw,f/ zwfMunfUapcsifvdkUyg/ cHpm;MunfUMuyg/

"Your friend is the man who knows all about you, and still likes you."
Friendship Day Quotes by: Elbert Hubard

"True friendship is like sound health; the value of it is seldom known until it be lost."
Friendship Day Quotes by: Charles Caleb Colton

"My friends are my estate."
Friendship Day Quotes by: Emily Dickinson

"A friend is someone who is there for you when he'd rather be anywhere else."
Friendship Day Quotes by: Len Wein

"Don't walk in front of me, I may not follow.
Don't walk behind me, I may not lead.
Walk beside me and be my friend."
Friendship Day Quotes by: Albert Camus (also attributed to Maimonidies).

"It takes a long time to grow an old friend."
Friendship Day Quotes by: John Leonard

"I get by with a little help from my friends."
Friendship Day Quotes by: John Lennon

"I might give my life for my friend, but he had better not ask me to do up a parcel."
Friendship Day Quotes by: Logan Pearsall Smith

"The better part of one's life consists of his friendships."
Friendship Day Quotes by: Abraham Lincoln

"To be depressed is to be lonely; to have a friend is to be happy..."
Friendship Day Quotes by: Guido

uJ ... 'DaeUrSm uRefawmfwdkUa&m uRefawmfwdkU cspfcif&wJh oli,fcsif;aumif; rdwfaqGawGtwGuf trSwfw& wpfckckawmh vkyfay;vdkufMu&atmifAsm/ vkyfay;oifhygw,faemh/

uRefawmf cspfcifjrwfEdk;&ygaom cspfoli,fcsif; rdwfaqGrsm;twGuf 'DydkUpfudk Friendship Day trSwfw& wpfcktaeeJU Blog rSm wifay;vdkufygw,f cifAsm/

Rights of patient and doctor

vlemeJY q&m0ef - tcGifhta&;rsm;

vlemwpfa,mufjzpfcJhvdkY&Sd&if udk,fjyovdkcsifwJh q&m0efudkudk,fwdkif a&G;cs,fydkifcGifh&Sdyg&JUvm;/ q&m0efwpfa,mufeJY jyoNyD; (tqifrajyvdkY) aemufwpfa,mufeJY ajymif;NyD;jyo&wJh tcg yxrq&m0ef&JU xifjrif,lqcsuf? ukocsufawGudk aemufq&m0eftm; ajymjyoifhygovm;/ aq;ukorI cH,laewJh umvrSmeJY rcH,lrd umvawGrSm udk,fhudka&m*g b,fvdk&SmazG prf;oyfaew,f qdkwmawG? a&m*gtrnf b,fvdkwwfxm;w,f qdkwmawG? ukorIrSm ukefus&r,fh pm;&dwfpu pwmawGudk vlemu ar;ydkifcGifh&Sdyg&JUvm;/ ukorIwpfck? a&m*g&SmazGrIwpfck 'grSr[kwf cGJpdwfrIwpfckckudk vlemudk,fwdkifu rcH,lcsifwJh pdwfjzpfay:cJh&if jiif;qefydkifcGifh&Sdygovm;/ ukorI? ppfaq;rIwpfcktwGuf rSm;,Gif;csuf wpfpHkwpf&m ay:aygufvmcJhvdkY&Sd&if vlemudk,fwdkif od&SdydkifcGifh&Sdyg&JUvm;/ tJhovdkrSm;,Gif;rIaMumifh rvdkvm;tyfwJh tusdK;ouf a&mufrIwpfckck ay:aygufvmcJh&if vlem (odkYr[kwf aqGrsdK;) u b,fvdk wkefYjyefoifhygovJ/ pwJh pwJh tJ'Dvdk ar;cGef;rsdK;awG[m aq;ynme,fy,f&JU usifh0wfrsm;eJY ywfoufaeygw,f/

rSm;,Gif;rI om"utcsdKU

vlemrSm; / q&m0efavmurSm OD;azMunf&JU tom;ptajzeJY OD;azausmf&JU tom;ptajzrSm;,Gif;NyD; aq;ukowmrsdK;awG? arG;uif;pcav;csif;rSm;,Gif;NyD; wu,frarG;vdkufwJh rdb&JU vufxJudk cav;rSm;NyD; a&muf&SdoGm;wmawG? vlemrSm;NyD; aoG;oGif;vdkufwmawG? vlemrSm;NyD; aq;xdk;vdkufrdwmawG jzpfay:cJhzl;ygw,f/

t*FgrSm; / oGm;rSm;NyD; EIwfwmawG? vufacsmif;rSm;NyD; jzwfwmawG? b,feJYnm ausmufuyfrSm;NyD; jzwfxkwfrdvdkufwmawG[m jzpfcJh? jzpfaeqJ&Sdaeygw,f/ t*FvefEdkifiHrSmawmif aq;½Hkwuf&wJh vlemq,f&mcdkifEIef;[m 'Dvdk umuG,fEdkifwJh rSm;,Gif;rIrsdK;awGudk jzpfcJhzl;w,fvdkYqdkygw,f/

t*FvefEdkifiHrS trSm;rsm; / 2004 - ckESpf? pm&if;Z,m;t& wpfESpfudk aq;½Hkwufa&mufwJh vlemaygif; &Spfoef;avmuf&Sd&mrSm &Spfodef;cGJavmufu 'DvdkrSm;,Gif;rIawGeJY BuHKBudKufcJhMu&NyD; aq;½Hkwuf&wJh &ufawG ydkrdkMumjrifhcJh&w,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ 'DhtwGuf aygifpwmvif aiGaygif; 2 bDvD,ef qHk;½IH;cJh&zl;ygonf/

'gawGudk Munfh&ifvlemawG&JU tcGifhta&;awGudk vlemawG udk,fwdkifydkrdkod&SdzdkY vdktyf vmNyDqdkwm&,f? vlemawGudk ydkrdktcGifhta&; awGay;NyD; wav;wpm; qufqHvmMuzdkY&,f? aq;ukoay;wJh q&m0efawG b,fuvnf; ta&;w,l *½kpdkufay;zdkY vdktyfvmNyDqdkwmawGudk todtrSwfjyKMu&rSm jzpfygw,f/

vlemtcGifhta&; (&ydkifcGifh) rsm; (Patient's Rights)

vlemtcGifhta&;awGeJY ywfoufvdkY OD;pGmwifjyyghr,f/
tar&duefq&m0efrsm;toif; (American Medical Association) &JU vlem&ydkifcGifh oufrSwfcsufawGxJu aumufEIwfcsuf tcsdKUuawmhjzifh ...

1/ q&m0efxHrS ukorIqdkif&mowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk od&SdydkifcGifh&SdNyD; aumif;usdK;? qdk;usdK;ESifh wpfjcm;ukoEdkifaom enf;vrf;rsm;twGuf ukefusp&dwfrsm;udkyg aqG;aEG;ydkifcGifh&Sdygonf/
2/ q&m0efrS ñTefMum;vdkufaom ukocsuftay: cH,loifhvlemrSom qHk;jzwfydkifcGifh&Sdygonf/
3/ vlemwpfa,muftaeeJY rdrdtm; av;pm;rI? ta&;xm;rI? odu©m&SdrI? xda&mufpGm wkefYjyefrIESifh tcsdefrD ukocH,lrIrsm; cHpm;ydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
4/ vlem&JU vQdKUcsufrsm;udk xdef;odrf;ay;xm;EdkifzdkY &ydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/

EdkifiHwumaq;avmurSm vuf&SdusifhoHk;aewJh vlemydkiftcGifhta&;awGuawmh

1/ vlem[mrdrdudkukoaewJh q&m0efeJY olemjyKawG&JU trnfemrnf? uRrf;usifrIawGudk od&SdydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
2/ ukorI&JU jzpfpOfawGudk BudKwif od&Sd ydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
3/ ukorIcH,l&mrSm a&G;cs,fydkifcGifh&SdwJh wjcm;ukorI enf;vrf;awGeJY tEÅ&m,fawGudk BudKwif od&SdydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
4/ ukorIcH,lrD ukocsuftay:rSm vlem&JU oabmxm;udk wifjyydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
5/ ukocsufudk vufrcHyJ jiif;qdkydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
6/ q&m0efu vlem&JU taMumif;t&mrsm;udk vQdKU0Suf umuG,fxm;ay;&yghr,f/
7/ vlemtm;okawoejyKrIxJwGif yg0ifaeonfqdkonfudk vlemu BudKwifodxm;&yghr,f/
8/ a&m*gtrnfazmfxkwfrIeJY a&SUqufvufajymif;vJoGm;EdkifrI? aumif;Edkifacs? qdk;EdkifacsawGudk od&Sdxm;cGifh&Sdygw,f/
9/ aq;½Hkqif;NyD; aemufqufwGJ apmifha&Smufay;EdkifrIawGudk od&Sdxm;&yghr,f/
10/ aq;½Hkaq;cef; ukefusp&dwfawGudk od&SdydkifcGifh&SdNyD; b,fvdkay;acs&rvJ qdkwmudkvnf;BudKwif odxm;ydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
11/ vlemudkav;pm;pGm apmifha&SmufcH,lydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
12/ rdrd&JU rSwfwrf;rSwf&m (r,f'Du,f&ufaumh)rsm;udk (owfrSwfxm;wJh tcaMu;aiGay;oGif;NyD;) awmif;cHydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/
13/ taumif;qHk;aom 0efaqmifay;EdkifrIudk&&SdzdkY awmif;cHydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/

tckazmfjyvdkufwJh vlemtcGifhta&;awGudk q&m0ef - vlem qufqHrIe,fy,frSm tav;xm; vdkufemvmMur,fqdk&if txufujyqdkcJhwJh rSm;,Gif;rIawG[mvnf; avsmhenf; aysmufuG,foGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ jrefrmvlrsdK;awG&JU rGefjrwfwJh tpOftvmwpfckuawmh ]rdrdudkukoay;aewJh q&m0efq&mrawG tay:rSm vlemawGu rdrdwdkY&JU toufocifaus;Zl;&Sif? u,fwif&Siftjzpf ½IjrifaeMujcif;ygyJ} 'g[m b,fEdkifiHb,fvlrsdK;ESifh rSrEIIdif;,SOfEdkifwJh q&m - vlem qufqHa&; wpf&yfyJjzpfygw,f/ rSm;,Gif;rI wpf&yfjzpfcJh&ifawmifrS ]uH}tay:rSmyJ ,dk;pGyfavh&SdMuygw,f/ jrefrmhaq;avmurSm vlemtcGifhta&;rsm;udk tav;xm;&if;eJY 'Dvdkaumif;jrwfwJh tpOftvmrsm;udkvnf; qufvuf xdef;odrf;xm;oifhygw,f/ vlem - q&m qufqHa&;eJY ywfoufvdkY q&m0efrsm;zufrSvnf; q&m0efrsm;&JU &ydkifcGifhESifh tcGifhta&;rsm;udk wifjyay;ygOD;r,f/

q&m0efrsm;&ydkifcGifh&Sdonfh tcGifhta&;rsm; (Doctor's Rights)

vlemawGeJY qufqHwJhtcgrSm q&m0efawGtaeeJY b,fvdktcGifhta&;awG &ydkifcGifhawG? jyKydkifcGifhawG &Sdw,fqdkwJh taMumif;udk EdkifiHwum aq;½Hkaq;cef;awGrSm usifhoHk;aeMuwJh usifh0wfawGudk udk;um;NyD; aqG;aEG;wifjyay;yghr,f/

q&m0ef&JU t"duwm0efubmvJ/
a,sbl,stm;jzifhawmh b,fq&m0efrqdk vlemawG&JU ta&;udk rdrd&JUta&;eJY wef;wl,lqNyD; OD;pm;ay; aqmif&Gufay;&rSmjzpfygw,f/ vlem&JU pdwfa&mudk,fyg usef;rma&;twGuf aqmif&Gufay;zdkY wm0ef&Sdygw,f/

udk;uG,fwJhbmoma&;aMumifh ukorIrSm ajymif;vJrI&Sdwwfygovm;/
- r&Sdygbl;/ vlemtwGuf qHk;jzwfcsufay;&mrSm vlemudk;uG,fwJh bmoma&;? cH,lxm;&SdwJht,l0g'? ½dk;&m,Ofaus;rI pwmawGudk av;pm;vdkufemNyD; qHk;jzwfcsufay;&rSmjzpfygw,f/

ukorIjiif;y,faewJh vlemudk ukoay;cGifh&Sdygovm;/
- pdwftajctae aumif;rGefpGm&SdaewJh vlemtay:rSm vlem&JUoabmwlcsuf rygyJ rnfonfhukocsuf prf;oyfcsufudk rQvkyfaqmif ydkifcGifhr&Sdygbl;/ (vlemudk,fwdkif touftEÅ&m,f pdk;&drfae&wJh ta&;ay: tajctaersdK;eJY wjcm;olawGudk tEÅ&m,fjzpfapEdkifr,fh tajctaersdK;awGrSm qdk&ifawmh oabmwlcsufudk ausmfvTm; vkyfaqmifcGifh&Sdygw,f)/
- prf;oyfrI? ukorIwpfckckudk vlemu jiif;qefwJhtcgrSm jzpfay:vmr,fh tusdK;oufa&mufrIawGudk vlemtm; today;NyD;om;jzpf&yghr,f/ vlem&JU jiif;qefydkifcGifhudk av;pm;vdkufem&yghr,f/
- vlemudk,fwdkif&JU udk,fBudKufESpfouf&m q&m0ef? aq;cef;? aq;½Hk pwmawGudk a&G;cs,fydkifcGifh odkYr[kwf ajymif;vJ ukoydkifcGifhqdkwmudk av;pm; vdkufemay;&yghr,f/

q&m0ef[m aq;ukoae&if;uae rdrdzmom &yfqdkif;ypfvdkY&ygovm;/
- vlemqDu a&m*gul;pufrSm pdk;&GHUNyD; vlemudkukoae&mu ae&yfqdkif;ypfvdkY r&ygbl;/ vlemudk,fwdkifu q&m0eftay:rSm ,HkMunfrI r&Sdawmhygbl;vdkY zGifh[vmcJh&ifawmh (vlemudk,fwdkifuvnf; uefYuGufrIr&SdcJh&if) q&m0ef[m 'Dvlemudk qufvuf ukoaejcif;udk &yfqdkif;ydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/ vlemucGifhjyKcJh&if aemufqufvuf ukor,fhq&m0efudk rdrd&&SdNyD;om; owif;tcsuftvufawGudk vTJajymif;ay;zdkY wm0ef&Sdygw,f/

vlemawGtay:rSm okawoejyK ukocGifh&Sdygovm;/
- vlemtm; pmayoifMum;rIwGif toHk;csjcif;? okawoejyKrIwGif toHk;csjcif;rsm;twGuf vlemudk BudKwif today;xm;&yghr,f/

aq;ukoae&if; a&m*gqdk;&Gm;vmcJh&if q&m0efrSmtjypf&Sdygovm;/
- ukorI&JUjzpfpOf? ajymif;vJvmrIjzpfpOf? qdk;&Gm;vmEkdifzG,f&mjzpfpOf pwmawGudk vlemem;vnfEdkifwJh pum;vHk;awGoHk;NyD; ESpfodrfhay;jcif;? rSefuefpGm today;jcif;rsm;jzifh &Sif;vif;jy&ef wm0ef&Sdygw,f/ (q&m0efu tcsdef ay;NyD; raqG;aEG;Edkif&ifawmifrS aq;buf0efxrf; wpfOD;OD;rS BudKwiftoday; aqG;aEG;xm;ay;&yghr,f)/ ayghavsmhrI (Negligence) aMumifh r[kwfvsif tjypfr&Sdyg/

vlemrodyJ aq;rSwfwrf;udk jyifqifa&;oGif;vdkY&ygovm;/
aq;rSwfwrf;rSm a&;oGif;orQudk vlemtm; today;oifhygw,f/ vlemrodyJ jyifqif a&;oGif;jcif;[m BuD;av;aom tjypf'Pftjzpf owfrSwfxm;avh&Sdygw,f/ aq;rSwfwrf;yg tcsuftvufrsm;udk vlemrSvGJNyD; wjcm;rnfolYudkrQ todray;tyfygbl;/

vlemudk "gwfyHk½dkuf,lcGifh&Sdygovm;/
- vlemoabmwlvsif ½dkufcGifh&Sdygw,f/ aq;ynmjyefYyGm;a&; udpöuvGJvdkY vlem&JU"gwfyHk? ukorI "gwfyHkpwmawGudk jzefYcsdjcif;? trsm;jrifomatmif jyKjcif;pwmawGudk vkyfaqmifcGifhr&Sdygbl;/ vlemu cGifhjyKwJhwdkifatmif vlem&JUtrnfemr? rsufESm trSwftom;pwmawGudk azmfjyjcif;rjyKrdzdkY apmifhpnf;&yghr,f/

"gwfpm aq;0g;wdkufa<u;wmawG? ,Mwmacscdkif;wmawG vkyfaqmifcGifh&Sdygovm;/
- r&Sdygbl;/ rdrdroduRrf;wJhaq;0g;? oufaotajcjyKcsufrcdkifvHkwJh ukocsuf? ppfaq;csuf pwmawGudk vlemu cGifhjyKcsuf ay;vmwmawmif vkyfaqmifray;&ygbl;/
- ukorIwpfck[m a&m*gvHk;0aysmufuif;atmif ukoaewmr[kwfyJ oufom&mtusdK;&&SdapzdkY vkyfaqmifaewmjzpfwJh taMumif;udk vlem;tm; today;&½Hkomru oabmwlnDrIudkyg &,lNyD;rS vkyfaqmifcGifh&Sdygw,f/

q&m0efcsif; vlemtaMumif;udk wdkifyifMujcif;jzifh vQdKU0SufrIaygufMum;jcif;udk jzpfapygovm;/
- ukoaeaom q&m0eftzGJU0ifrsm;u vlem&JU taMumif;csif;&mrsm;udk tcsif;csif; aqG;aEG;wdkifyif ESD;aESmEdkifygaomfvnf; jyifyudk raygufMum;tyfygbl;/

udk,ft*Fgtpm;xdk;jcif;udk q&m0efwpfOD;wnf;u vkyfaqmifEdkifygovm;/
- vlem&JU udk,ft*Fgwpf&yf&yfudk tpm;xdk;ukozdkY vdktyfvmcJh&if uRrf;usifoltzGJUjzifhom qHk;jzwfNyD; vkyfaqmif&yghr,f/

tpm;iwfcHqE´jyaeoludk aq;ukoay;cGifh&Sdygovm;/
- tpmiwfcHqE´jyaeol&JU &nf&G,fcsuf[m touftaocHaewm r[kwfzl;qdkwmudk em;vnf ay;xm;&yghr,f/ jyifyrS zdtm;ay;ukoap vdkwJhtcgrSm vlem&JU jiif;qdkydkifcGifhudkvnf; tav;xm;ay;&yghr,f/

vlom;udk,fyGm;zefwD;cGifh&Sdygovm;/
- vlom;udk,fyGm;zefwD;rIudk usifh0wfodu©mt& aqmif&GufcGifhr&Sdygbl;/

om;aMumjzwfay;cGifh&Sdygovm;/
- vlemudk,fwdkifcGifhrjyKyJ om;aMumjzwfjcif;rsdK;udk rvkyfaqmif&ygbl;/

okufydk;tvSLcHNyD; arG;zGm;vmwJhcav;udk okwfydk;vSL'gef;vdkufwJh zcifESifhawGUqHkcGifhay;Edkifygovm;/
- rsdK;yGm;tulukorIawGrSm okufydk;vSLay;vdkufwJhol&JU trnfemreJY b,folb,f0gjzpfw,f qdkwmawGudk vQdKU0Sufxm;ay;&yghr,f/

aoawmhrSm aocsmaewJh vlemudk aq;rukoawmhyJ &yfqdkif;xm;oifhygovm;/
- aocgenf;vlemawGudk uko&mrSm toufqGJqefYxm;jcif;? wdkoGm;atmifjyKvkyfjcif;rsm; rjyKvkyfoifhyJ oufawmifhoufomjzpfaponfh ukorIrsdK;udkom ay;&yghr,f/

ukorIatmifjrifwJh taMumif;udk aMumfjimvdkY&ygovm;/
- q&m0eftrnfudkaMumfjimjcif; atmifjrifonfhukorIrsm;udk aMumfjimjcif;rsm; rjyKvkyf&yg/

aq;ukocudk b,fvdkowfrSwfNyD; awmif;cHMuygovJ/
- wm0ef,luko&rIeJY wwfuRrf;wJh ynm&yftay:rlwnfNyD; tcaMu;aiG awmif;cHydkifcGifh&Sdygw,f/ ukorIatmifjrifvdkY aiGaMu;awmif;cHwmrsdK; rjzpfap&ygbl;/ vlemtm; vHk;0EGrf;ygoGm;apwJh tcaMu;aiG owfrSwfjcif;rsdK;udk rjyK&ygbl;/ vlemac:ay;jcif;? pnf;½Hk;ay;jcif;rsm;twGuf aumfr&Sifay;jcif;? ,ljcif;rsm;rjyK&ygbl;/ wcsdKUEdkifiHawGrSm oufqdkif&maq;aumifpD? q&m0eftoif;rsm;u aq;uko&wJh tcaiGaMu;udk owfrSwfay;xm;NyD; &SdwwfMuygw,f/

tm,k'DC*sme,fwGif azmfjyyg&SdNyD;aom a'gufwmjrifhOD;(*sDyD)\ aqmif;ygrsm;rS aumufEIwf wifjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/

About Liver

tonf;[m vlUudk,f&JU ZD0ur®jzpfpOfxJrSm t"du ta&;ygwJh tpdwftydkif;wpfck jzpfovdk? tHMozG,f pGrf;&nfrsm; ydkifqdkif&&dSxm;ygw,f/ tonf;[m vludk,f&JUAdkufxJrSm nmbufwpfjcrf;rSm t"duwnf&dSaeNyD; b,fbuftxd wnf&dSaeygw,f/ tonf;&JU nmbufjcrf;[m vl&JU &ifacgif; nmbufatmufrSm &dSaeNyD; b,fbufuawmh ao;ao;av;yg/

tonf;[m t"dutm;jzifh onf;ajc&nf xkwfvkyfNyD; tpmacszsufwJh t*FgtzGJtpnf;awGudk taxmuftul ay;ygw,f/ vlawG pm;aomufvdkufwJh axmywf? MuufOESpfpwJh tpmawGu ygvmwJh tqDawGudk tlodrfvrf;aMumif;xJrSm acszsufNyD; aoG;aMumxJudk pkyf,lzdkUtwGuf onf;ajc&nf Bile vdktyfygw,f/ tonf;qJvfawGu onf;ajc&nfudk xkwfay;NyD; onf;ajc>yefu wpfqifh onf;ajctdwfxJrSm odkavSmifxm;ygw,f/ vdktyfwJhtcsdefrSm onf;ajctdwfudk  nSpfxkwfNyD; onf;ajc&nfudk tlodrfOD;ydkif;xJudk ydkUay;ygw,f/ onf;ajc&nf[m tpmajczsufNyD;wJhtcg olUqDrSm ygwJh onf;ajcqm;udk tlodrfaESmif;ydkif;uaewqifh jyefvnf pkyf,lNyD; tonf;udk jyefydkUay;ygw,f/ 'DvdkeJU onf;ajcqm;awG qHk;&SHL;rI r&dSatmif umuG,fay;ygw,f/ 'Donf;ajcqm;awG[m tqD"gwf? tom;"gwf? upD"gwfawG acszsuf&mrSm ta&;ygaeovdk? ADwmrif at? 'D? tD;eJU au"gwfawG pkyf,l&mrSmvnf; ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

tonf;&JU aemufxyfvkyfief;wm0efuawmh tom;"gwf? tqD"gwf? upD"gwfawG&JU ZD0ur® jzpfpOfawGrSm yg0ifjcif; jzpfygw,f/ aoG;aMumxJu pkyf,lvdkufwJh oMum;"gwf[m tonf;xJrSm tqifhqifh ajymif;vJjyKjyifNyD; aoG;xJudk ykdUay;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh tonf;a&m*g[m qD;csdKa&m*geJU qufpyfrI &dSaeygw,f/ tonf;raumif;&if aoG;csKdwwfjcif;? usjcif;rsm; jzpfwwfygw,f/ tqD"gwfjzpfwJh udkvufpxa&meJU vpfydky&dkwif; awGudkvnf; tonf;xJrSm acszsufNyD; vdktyfwJhpGrf;tif &atmif jyKjyifajymif;vJay;ygw,f/ ydkaewJh tqDawGudk tqDwpfoQL;awGqD ydkUNyD; odkavSmifxm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh tqDrsm;rsm; pm;olawGrSm tqDjyifawGrsm;vmNyD; 0NzdK;vmwm jzpfygw,f/ tonf;tqDzHk;a&m*gvnf; jzpfvmEdkifygw,f/

tonf;&JU aemufxyf ta&;BuD;vkyfief; wpfckuawmh udk,fxJu rvdkvm;tyfwJh tqdyftawmuf? tnpftaMu;? "gwfypönf;awG? aq;0g;awGudk acszsufpGefUxkwfay;wJh vkyfief;jzpfygw,f/ armfawmfum;rSm &dSwJh zpfwmvdkyJ/ tonf;u 0ifvmorQ'PfawGudk olu apmifhNyD; cH&ygw,f/ aoG;xJrSm&dSwJh aoG;eDOav;awG[m oufwrf;av;vjynfU&if tvdkvdk ysufpD;oGm;Muygw,f/ udk,fxJrSm aeUwdkif; aoG;eDOav;awG ysufpD;aeMuygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk aoG;eDOav;awG ysufpD;oGm;vdkU xGufvmwJh t0g"gwfypönf; Bilirubin udk tonf;u acszsufNyD; onf;ajc&nfu wpfqifh pGefUxkwfay;ygw,f/ wcsdKU bDvD&lAifawG[m tlodrfuae jyefvnfpkyf,lNyD; ausmufuyfudk a&mufvmNyD; qD;xJrSm ygvmygw,f/ wcsdKudk 0r;fuaewpfqifh pGefUxkwfw,f/ 'gaMumifh tonf;raumif;&if bDvD&lAif&JU  ZD0ur®jzpfpOfawG ysufpD;NyD; udk,fxJrSm t0g"gwfawG rsm;vmygw,f/ tom;0g? rsufvHk;0g? qD;awG0g vmygw,f/

aumhyg;"gwfawG? oH"gwfawG[mvnf; tonf;xJrSmyJ acszsufNyD; pGefUxkwf&ygw,f/ udk,fxJuxGufwJh a[mfrkef;"gwfawG? tef'&kdcsifawGudkvnf; tonf;uyJ acszsufay;wmyg/ aemufvlawG aomufoHk;vdkufwJh aq;0g;awGudkvnf; acszsufay;ygw,f/ yg;pyfuae 0ifa&mufvmwJh aq;0g;awG[m tlvrf;aMumif;eH&Huae pkyf,lNyD;wJhtcg tonf;udk t&ifa&mufvmygw,f/ tJ'Duaewqifh aoG;xJ jyefa&mufNyD; vdktyfwJhae&mudk a&muf&dSNyD; tpGrf;jyMu&ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm tonf;u yHkrSeftvkyfrvkyf&if aq;tmedoif tajymif;tvJ jzpfwwfygw,f/ aq;0g;trsm;pk[m tmedoifukefqHk;oGm;wJhtcg tonf;rSm acszsufNyD; jyefvnf pGefUxkwfcH&ygw,f/ t&ufawGudkvnf; tonf;uyJ wm0ef,l acszsuf ay;ae&wmygw,f/

aemufwm0efwpfckuawmh y&dkwif;"gwfawG? pm;vdkufwJh MuufOawG? EGm;EdkUawG? tom;xJu y&dkwif;"gwfawGudk tluae pkyf,lNyD; tonf;xJudka&mufawmh tonf;u jyefvnfjzefUjzL;ay;ygwJh wm0efjzpfygw,f/ NyD;awmh tJvfjALrif Albumin qdkwJh"gwfwpfrsdK; xkwfay;ygw,f/ tJvfjALrif rsm;rsm;&dSrS udk,fxJu aoG;aMumxJua&awGudk tjyifudk xGufroGm;atmif tJvfjALrifqdkwJh "gwfawGu qGJxm;ygw,f/ tJvfjALrif awG rxkwfvkyfEdkif&if a&awG tjyifxGufvmygr,f/ tJ'Dtcg ajcaxmufa&mifvmygw,f/ a&zsOf;awG pGJvmygw,f/

tonf;taMumif; usef;rma&; ynmay;pmapmifawG pmtkyfawGxJu zwfrdxm;oavmuf odoavmufav; a&;wifvdkufwmyg/  vdktyfcsufav;awGawmh &dSEdkifaumif;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh rodao;wJholawGtwGuf tusdK;&Sdapr,fvdkUawmh ,lqygw,f/

Dengue Fever

vlBuD; vli,f uav; aoG;vGefwkyfauG;

(a'gufwm atmifcifqifh)

a&S;cwfawmfawmfa0;a0; tcsdefu t&dk;usdK;rwwf cHpm;&aom udkufcJzsm;em a&m*gudk (Break Bone Fever) [k yxr trnfwGifcJhonfU a&m*gwrsdK;&SdcJhzl;ygonf/ txufaz:jyyg a&m*grSm ESpftwef MumcJhaomtcg jcifudkufjcif;rS wqifh&aom a&m*gjzpfaMumif; odvmMujyefonf/ trnfudkvnf; 'def*GD;tzsm; ( Dengue Fever) [k trnfajymif;í ac:vmjyefayonf/ 'def*GD;tzsm;a&m*g [kac:aom pum;rSm tmz&du vlrsdK;rsm;\ bmompum; jzpfonf[k od&onf/ t"dyÜm,frSm tvGefudkufcJjcif;[k  t"dyÜm,f&ygonf/

a0'em&SifrSm t&dk;usdK;rwwf udkufcJonfhtjyif a0'emcHpm;ae&yHkrSm BudK;ESifhwkyfxm;onfh tvm; auG;aeonfh yHkoPܲmeft& wkyfauG; [k jrefrmpum;jzifh ac:cJh[efwlayonf/ 'def*GD;wkyfauG; tzsm;a&m*gudk uav;vli,f vlBuD;vlvwf tm;vHk;a0'em cHpm;&aMumif; aq;ynmrSm todtrSwf jyKcJhygonf/ þacwfu 'def*GD;wkyfauG;tzsm;a&m*g[k trnfay;cJhygonf/

1965 ckESpfaemufydkif;rSm ta&S hawmiftm&Sa'owpfcGifwGif uav;oli,frsm;\ 'def*GD;a&m*grSm vu©PmwrsdK; ay:vmjyefonf/ pHkprf;avhvmolrsm;\ tqdkrSm 'def*GD;wkyfauG; tzsm;jzpfaMumif; awGY&Sdxm;aomfvnf; vu©PmwrsdK; ajymif;vJvmcJhonfudk owdrlvmMuygonf/ ajymif;vJvmaom vu©PmrSm aoG;aMumEke,faom touf 12 ESpfatmuf uav;oli,frsm; 'def*GD;tzsm;cHpm;aepOf aoG;aMumEkav;rsm; 'ku© cHpm;&NyD; aoG;jcnfOygojzifh teD tajymuftpufuav;rsm; uav; cE–mudk,fay:wGif awGUvmjcif;jzpfonf/ aoG;eDOrsm; tzsuftqD;cH&onf[k awG;ac:,lqvmaom acwfwcwf a&mufcJhjyefygonf/ Dengue Haemorrhaegic Fever [k ta&SUawmiftm&SwcGifwGif ac:wGifcJhonfh acwfjzpfygonf/ vlBuD;vlvwfrsm;\ aoG;aMumxlívm; odkYwnf;r[kwf tjcm;tajccH rsm;aMumifh aoG;jcnfOaom 'ku©rcHpm;Mu&[k okawoDwdkUu tqdk&SdvmcJhygonf/ uav;rsm;onf 'def*GD;tzsm;jzifh a&m*gvu©Pmtjzpf aoG;xGufoH,dkjzpfonf[k ,lqum jrefrmbmomjzifh usef;rma&;OD;pD;XmerS trnfay;cJhonfrSm - aoG;vGefwkyfauG; - a&m*g[k trnfwGifapcJhygonf/

jrefrmtac:a0: aoG;vGefwkyfauG; [k trnf&cJhonfu tpaoG;eDOrsm; txGufrsm;onf aoG;eDOrsm; tzsufqD; cH&onf[k t,ltqt& aq;0g;ukoenf;udkvnf; wdwdusus aMunmcJhonfrSm aoG;oGif;uko&rnf [laom ukxHk;jzpfonf/ aoG;oGif;ukoaom acwfwcwf 1970 jynfhESpfavmufwGif jzpfcJhygonf/

befaumufNrdKY&Sd tjynfjynfqdkif&m aoG;vGefwkyfauG;pHkprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJY\ awGU&SdaMunmcsufrSm aoG;vGefwkyfauG;jzpfapaom Adkif;&yfpfydk; av;rsdK;&SdaMumif; þodk ha&m*gav;rsdK;ygí xyfcgxyfcg rsdK;jcm; ydk;wdkYjzifh oHk;av;cg a&m*gxyfjzpfwwfaMumif;? þa'o&SdaoG;vGefwkyfauG;  a0'em&Sif uav;oli,frsm;onf aoG;eDOysufpD;rSKenf;yg;aMumif;? aoG;jzL&nf(yvmprm) omvQif ysufpD; avsmhenf;oGm;aMumif;? odkYygí aoG;oGif;ukorSK trsm;tm;jzifh rvdkbJ yvmprm ac: aoG;jzL&nfESifh tjcm;aq;&nfrsm;om taMumtwGif;odkU ay;oGif;uko&aMumif;? rvdktyfbJ aoG;oGif;ygu ESvHk;a0'emESifh ESvHk;yef;a&m*gjzifh 'ku©a&muf wwfaMumif; awGUae&ygNyD/

uav;toufu,fq,fa&; twGufvdktyfonfrSm aoG;vefYaom(a&Smhcf) vu©Pmrsm;prf;oyf? ppfaq;? apmifhMunfU? ukoay;jcif;wdk honfom ta&;BuD;qHk;jzpfaMumif; pojzifh aMunmcJhonf/ þodkY aq;ukorSK t,ltqtopfwrsdK;ay:vmcJh&m ,ckxufwdkif þukxHk;udk todtrSwfjyKNyD; aoG;rvdktyfbJ aoG;oGif;ukorSKrjyKawmhonfh acwfwacwfjzpfcJhygNyD/

þodkYaom ukoenf;opf aMunmcsufESifhtwl (yvmprm) yvyfpwpftdwfESifh bl;rsm; ajrmufjrm;pGm tultnD taxmuftyHhtjzpf ta&SUawmiftm&Sa'otwGif;&Sd EdkifiHrsm;odkU WHO urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJUESifh ,leDquf wdkUu csufcsif;ay;ydkU ulnDaxmufyHhcJhygonf/ rvdktyfygu aoG;roGif;aom acwfwacwf jzpfvmjyefygonf/ uav; aoaysmufrSKESKef; ododomom usqif;oGm;cJhygonf/

uav;awGudk 'ku©ay;aeaom aoG;vGwfwkyfauG;onf vli,f vlvwf? vlBuD; touf tydkif;tjcm;r&Sd odomvSaomESifh rodomaom a&m*ga0'em vlwdkif; cHpm;&wwfaMumif;? vli,f vlvwf? vlBuD;wdkUu a0'emrodrom cHpm;NyD; rdrdcE–mudk,ftwGif;u Adkif;&yfpfydk;udk jcifudkufjcif;rS wqifh uav;rsm;odkU jzefUjzL; ay;aeolwdkUjzpfaMumif;? tcsdKUrSm aoG;vGefwkyfauG; a0'emudk ododomom cHpm;vmMuaMumif; orm;awmftcsdKUu aMunmcJhonfudkvnf; ajymjyygonf/

uav;oli,frsm;twGuf aoG;vGwfwkyfauG;a&m*g umuG,f&mwGif? uav;oli,frsm;ESifhtwl vu©Pm rodomaom a0'em&Sif? vli,f? vlvwf? vlBuD; a0'em&SifwdkUudk jcifudkufrcH&a&;/ jcifudkufjcif;jzifh a&m*grjyefUyGm;a&;? uav;rsm;odkU vli,f? vlvwf vlBuD;a0'em&SifwdkUrS jcifudkufí a&m*gul;puf roGm;apa&; wdkUudkyg xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;umuG,foGm;MuygrS aoG;vGefwkyfauG; umuG,fukoa&; ododomom atmifjrifrnf jzpfaMumif; wifjyvdkufygonf/

vlwdkif;odzdkUtwGuf ,ckacwfaoG;vGefwkyfauG; (jrefrmjynfukxHk;) tusOf;csKyf

(1) rdk;&moDwGif uav;rsm;zsm;vQif aoG;vGefwkyfauG;udk yxrxnfhí wGufyg&ef/
(2) jcifusm;o,f,lonfU aoG;vGefwkyfauG; ydk;trsdK;tpm; trsdK;uGJ av;rsdK;&SdaeygNyD/
(3) 'gaMumifh 'Da&m*goHk;av;cg (rsdK;aumifwrsdK;qDu) a&m*g oHk;av;cg jyefjzpfEdkifao;aMumif; od&ygrnf/
(4) þa&m*gcHpm;&pOf udk,fylusaq; yg&mpDwarmudk tEå&m,fuif;pGm oHk;pGJEdkifygonf/
   aemufwenf;u &dk;&dk;a&at;jzifh wudk,fvHk; a&zwftkyfay;yg&ef/
(5) þa&m*gwGif aoG;vefUapjcif;jzpfjcif;rSm aoG;aMumtwGif;rS t&nfMunfrsm; cE–mudk,fxJ ta&mufrsm;oGm;vdkY aoG;aMumtwGif; t&nfenf;NyD; aoG;vefhapcJhwmyg? cE–mudk,fxJ a&vdkaejcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/
(6) aoG;rvefUap&ef t&nfrsm;rsm; uav;udk wdkufauR;yg/ zsm;vdkUqdkNyD; tpmt&nf rjzwfygESifh/ ravQmh rauR;bJ raeygESifh/ tpmt&nf rjzwfvQif t&nfjynfhjynfhpHkpHk &aeygojzifh aoG;rvefUapyg/
(7) tusdK;&Sdaom t&nfqdk&mrSm "mwfqm;&nf? pGyfjyKyfa&? opfoD;azsmf&nf rsdK;pHkwdkUjzpfonf/ rtef&avatmif uav;tBudKuf t&nfenf;enf; cPcP píwdkufyg/
(8) aeUudkufjcifusm; tudkufrcH&avatmif/ jcifaumifraygufatmif *&kjyKumuG,fMuyg? uav;wdkUtwGuf jcifaq;ygaom jcifaxmif ,ckay:aeygNyD/
(9) vdktyfvQif aq;&Hkaq;cef;rSm a&m*gpHkprf;NyD; tBuHOmPf,l ukorSKcH,lyg? aemufrusapa&; ta&;BuD;ygonf/
(10) aoG;vGefwkyfauG;qdkNyD; aMumufvefUraeygESifh/ ,ckukxHk;awG wdk;wufaeygNyD/ aq;bufqdkif&m tawGUtBuHK rsm;aeygNyD/ rdcif? zcifwdkU\ uav;apmifha&SmufrI wm0efydkif;udk ydkBudK;pm;Muyg[k ta&;BuD;aom tBuHjyKcsuf tjzpf tusOf;csHK; tBuHjyKvdkuf&ygonf/

Weekly Eleven owif;*sme,f
trSwf 42 twGJ 2 pmrsufESm 16
31 &uf *sLvdkif 2007 (t*Fgae hxkwf)

Unnoticed Poison

uav;rsm; ESifh tqdyfaphwrsKd;

þ&mpk ESpfydkif;wGif &efukefNrdKYwGif;&Sd tqdyfoifh vlem vufcH&m Xmersm;odkY enf;rsKd;pHkjzifh tqdyf oifhcH&aom vlemrsm; tcsdeftcg ra&G;a&muf&Sd vmwwfMuNyD; ¤if;wdkY\ ta&twGuf rSmvnf; waeYwjcm; wdk;yGm;vsuf &Sdonfudk awGY&avonf/ taBumif; trsdK;rsdK;aBumifY tqdyfoifYí a&muf&SdvmBuaom vlemrsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifY vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? ynma&; tqifrajy jzpfaomaBumifY pdwfnpfí vkyfrdvkyf&mudk jyKrd&mrS a&muf&SdvmBujcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkY oHk;pGJaom ypönf;rsm;rSmvnf; acsmif;qdk; aysmufaq;? tdyfaq;? ESvHk;aq;? tzsm;aysmufaq;ponfY aq;0g;rsm;rSpí a&eHqD? "gwfqD? t&ufysH? aBuG*sD;cGßwfaq;? ydkvdk*sydk;owfaq; txd &SdBuavonf/

tqdyfoifh olrsm;\ wlnDaomtcsufum; w'*FtwGif;jzpfay:aom pdwfzdpD;rIudk rcHedkifí aomufoHk;rdBujcif; jzpfonf/

,ckESpfrsm;wGifrl wrlxl;jcm;pGmjzifY a&muf&SdvmBuaom tqdyfoifUvlemrsm;rSm uav;i,frsm; jzpfBujyD; ¤if;wdkYrSm pdwfnpfí tqdyfoifYvlem jzpf&jcif;rsKd;r[kwfay/ uav;i,frsm; twwfprf;um pm;oHk;Buaom t&mrSm jcHpnf;&dk; Buufqlyif½dkif;[k vltrsm;odBuaom tyifrS&aom Buufqlaph jzpfonf/ Muufqludk jrefrmtbd"mef tusOf;csKyf twJG (1) pmrsufESm (60) wGif taphrS&aom qDudk 0rf;EIwfqD tjzpfoHk;&aom vufjcm;&GufBuD;&Sdonfh tyif [kazmfjycJhonf/

Muufql trsdK;aygif; 70 ausmf&Sdonfhteuf Muufqlyif½dkif;\ rsKd;&if;trnfrSm Euphorbiaceae jzpfjyD; &ku©aA'trnfrSm jatropa curcus jzpfonf/

MuufqlyifESifh tyifxGuf ypönf;rsm;udk wcsKdYaom tmz&du taemufydkif; a'orsm;wGif 0rf;EIwfaq;? oHcsaq; tjzpfvnfaumif;? arG;zGm;& vG,fulap&ef vnf;aumif;? om;avsmapjcif; tvdkYiSm vnf;aumif;? a&zsif;pJGa&m*g? a*gufa&m*g? wcsKdYaom ta&jym; a&m*grsm;udk uko&ef vnf;aumif; oHk;pJGonfudk awGU&onf/

NcHpnf;½dk; Muufql½dkif; tapYudk Budwfí&aomqDudk v,f,mvkyfief;oHk; vufwGef; xGefpufESifh a&pkyfpuf? 'DZ,ftif*sifrsm;wGif jyefvnfjyKjyif&ef rvdkyJ wdkuf&dkufxnfhoGif; toHk;jyKedkifonf/

jrefrmEdkifiH tESHtjym;wGif Buufqlyif&dkif;rsm;udk vGefcJYaomwpfESpfcefYu pwif pdkufysdK;cJYaomfvnf; Buufqlyifonf 6 vrS 8 vwGif pwifí toD;poD;ekdifaomtyif jzpfav&m ,ckvdk aEG&moD ausmif;tm;&ufwGif &yfuGufwdkif;&Sd BuufqlyifwdkYü toD;rsm; a0a0qmqm jzpfaeBujcif; jzpfonf/

BuufqloD; wvHk;wGif tapY 3 apY yg0ifonf/ tapY wapYpDudk tcHGyg; teufa&mif? tndka&mif uav;rsm;jzifY tkyfxm;jyD; twGif;ü tjzLa&mif&SdonfY BuufqlapY twGif;om; &Sdonf/ ¤if;tjzLa&mif twGif;om;\ t&omrSm Am'HapY? oD[dkapYwdkYuJYodkY uGßwfqwfí qdrfYaomaBumifY uav;rsm; prf;oyf pm;oHk;rdBujcif;? BudKufESpfoufí xyfrHpm;oHk;rdjcif; jzpfonf/

trSefppfppfwGif BuufqlapYwGifyg0ifaom "gwfwrsKd;onf qdkuf&mEdkuf tqdyfxuf tqaygif; 6000? cavmuf ajrGqdyfxuf tqaygif; 10000? ydkrdkjyif;xefjyD; obm0 twdkif; awGY&Sdedkifaom tqdyfwrsdK; jzpfonf/

BuufqlwGif t"dutm;jzifY tqdyfjzpfapaomt&m ESpfrsdK;yg0ifonf/ wrsdK;rSm &Dpif (ricin) jzpfjyD; aemufwrsdK;rSm RCA (Ricinus communis agglutinin) jzpfonf/ odkYaomf BuufqlapYudk pm;oHk;jcif;rS &&Sdaom tqdyfoifY vu©Pmrsm;onf &Dqif\ tmedoifaBumifYom jzpfavonf/

xkdodkYjzpf&jcif;rSm RCA udk tleH&Hrsm;rS rpkyf,ledkifaomaBumifY jzpfonf/ tu,fírsm;  RCA udk aoG;aBumxJodkY wdkuf½dkufxdk;oGif;rdygrl ¤if;onf aoG;eDOrsm;pGmudk aygufuJGapjcif;jzifh vlom;wdkYtm; tEÅ&m,fjyKEdkifayonf/ tqdyfoifYcH&aom uav;i,fonf BuufqlapY\ tjyifvTm trJudkcGmjyD; twGif;om;udk 0g;pm;rdaomtcsdefü  Ricin tmedoifrsm; pwifjzpfay:apNyD;? tqdkyg  Ricin onf cE¨mudk,fwGif;&SdqJvf (cells) rsm;udk tqdyfoifh apaomaMumifhjzpfonf/

NcHpnf;½dk;Muufql½dkif;\ taphjzpfaom MuufqlaphwGifyg0ifaom y&dkwdef; (protein) wrsKd;jzpfonfh umpif (carcin) onfvnf; &Dpif (Ricin) uJhodkYyif tpGrf; tmedoif&SdNyD; jyif;tm; tenf;i,f avsmhavonf/

Muufqlaphudk pm;oHk;rdaom olonf pm;jyD;em&D0ufrS 1 em&DtwGif; vnfacsmif; yljcif;? Adkuf&pfemjcif; rsm;cHpm;&NyD; xdkYaemufrl;jcif;? tefjcif;? 0rf;oGm;jcif;rsm; jzpfekdifygonf/ pm;oHk;aom yrmPrsm;onfESifh trSs aoG;0rf;oGm;jcif;? aoG;tefjcif;? a&"gwf tvGeftrif; qHk;½IH;jcif;\ vu©Pmrsm;jzpfaom aoG;aygifusjcif;? ESvHk;ckefjrefjcif;? a&iwfjcif;? tmacgifajcmufjcif;? qD;enf;jcif; odkYr[kwf qD;rxGufedkifawmhjcif;? rsufwGif; csKdifh0ifjcif;? uav;i,frsm;wGif ta&jym;\ elasticity avsmh&JoGm;jcif; wdkYudk awGY&wwfonf/

xdkYtjyifacGß;xGufjcif;? rsufqHusOf;jcif;? touf½Ijrefjcif;? Ekef;jcif;? MuGufwufjcif;ESifh yifrtm½HkaMum pepf tm;enf;jcif;wdkY jzpfwwfayonf/

umpif (carcin) onfvnf; cE¨mukd,fwGif;&Sd aoG;eDOrsm;udk aygufuJG apaomaMumifh rsufvHk;wGif; aoG;,dkpdrfhjcif;? aoG;0rf;oGm;jcif;? aoG;tefjcif;? tonf;ESihf ausmufuyfudk xdcdkufapjcif; wdkYudkyg jzpfapwwfonf/ NcHpnf;&dk; Muufqlyif&dkif;\ yifpnf? t&Guf? toD;wdkYwGifvnf; tvm;wl tmedoifrsm; &SdaMumif; awGY&Sd&ao;onf/

tqdyfoifhaom olonf tcsdefwdktwGif; aumif;rGef vHkavmufaom jyKpkukorIrsm; &rnfqdkvSsif ESpfq,fhav;em&D ausmfvSsif touftEÅ&m,ftwGuf rpdk;&drf&aomfvnf; ? ESpfq,fav;em&D twGif;ürl tvGeftrif; 0rf;avSsmrIaMumifh a&"gwfqHk;½HI;um touftEÅ&m,f &SdEdkifayonf/

xdkYaMumifh tqdyfoifhaomoltm; eD;pyf&m aq;½kH? aq;cef;odkY tvsiftjrefydkY&ef vdktyfayonf/ aq;½Hkaq;cef;ESifh a0;vHvSaom ae&mrsm;wGifrl a&S;OD;olemjyKpkenf;rsm;taejzifh tpmtdrfwGif;rS Muufqlaphrsm;udk jyefxGufapjcif;tvdkYiSm tqdyfoifholtm; tefap&efjyKvkyfay;jcif;? a&"gwf rqHk;½IH;ap&ef "gwfqm;&nf wdkufjcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfay;edkifygonf/

Muufqlaphyifonf wESpfwGif ESpfoD;oD;aom tyifjzpfjyD; toD;pGwfcsdefrSm arvESifh edk0ifbmvrsm; jzpfonf/ aEGoD;onf wyifvSsif EdkYqDAl; wpfAl;cefYom&&SdNyD; rdk;oD;onf wyifvSsif wpfjynfcefY xGuf&Sdedkifayonf/ ,ckESpf aEG&moD toD;oD;aom tcsdefwGifyif uav;i,frsm; tqdyfoifhaom yrmPrSm wdk;yGm;vsuff &SdaeaomaMumifh rdk;aESmif;umv toD;rsm;aom tcsdefrsm;twGuf pdk;&drfzG,f&myif jzpfonf/

xdkYaMumifh NcHpnf;½dk;Muufql;½dkif;yifonf vlom;wdkYtm; vGefpGm tusKd;&Sdaumif; &Sdrnfjzpfaomfvnf; tcefYroifhí pm;oHk;rdaomtcgü touftEÅ&m,f &SdedifaomaMumifh vltrsm; oGm;vmwwfaom ae&m? uav;oli,frsm; tvG,fwul a&mufEdkifaom ae&mrsm;wGif pdkufyskKd;jcif;rS a&SmifusOfjcif;? rdcifESifh uav;i,frsm;tm; NcHpnf;&dk; Muufqlyif½dkif;\ qdk;usKd;ESifh &v'frsm;udk &Sif;jyjcif;tm;jzifh ¤if;rS jzpfay:wwfaom aemufqufwJG tqdyfoifhrI ab;'PfrS umuG,fEdkifrnf jzpfaMumif; today;tyfygonf/

rGef;oufyef (aq;- 1)
------------------------------

&efukefNrdKUwifrubJ jrefrmjynf wpfjynfvHk;u jynfolawGtm;vHk; txl;ojzifh uav;oli,fawG Muufqlyifu xGufvmwJh tqdyfeJUqufpyfNyD; usef;rma&; todynm &apcsifvdkU rrGef;oufyef\ bavmhcfrS wqifh ul;,lazmfjyygw,f/ uav;awG&JU taumif;qHk; tusdK;pD;yGg;udk arQmfrSef;NyD; 'Dusef;rma&;todudk wwfEdkifoavmuf vufqifhurf; qufvuf jzefUa0ay;ygcifAsm vdkU wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfvdkufygw,f/

Small irony of past YIT

0kdiftdkifwDacwfu ausmif;olrsm;eJU ausmif;om;rsm; wpfbufeJUwpfbuf aemifajymifusDp,fwJh &,farmp&m oHcsyfuav;awGudk *sDa[mol pmtkyfxJu ul;,lazmfjyvdkufygw,f/ tJh'Dvdk aysmfp&mawGudk rBuKHvdkufMuwJh vdIifom,mausmif;rS 0dkifwD,l armifESrawGtwGuf vGrf;p&m trSwfw&wpfckyg/ b0tarm pdwfaomuawGudk &,farmjcif;eJU ajyaysmufygapAsm/

pufrIausmif;om; a*:irf;ayG?

rdef;r&Smawmif a&Smifbl;qdkyJ/

------------------

(tESpfESpftvvu aqmufaeNyD; rNyD;Edkifao;aom pufrIa&ul;uefudk)

[dka&SUu uefom uefom? pufrIuefom

urÇmrSm pHwifxm;? tHhzG,fwpfyg;?

bdk;bGm;rS ajr;jrpfwD NyD;vkygNyD

&mjynfUrD 'DuefxJ ul;&rvGJ/

------------------

(pm;raumif;aom taqmif[if;rsm;udk)

bJOjcrf; jzLwlwl ... qm;a&eJUul?
pufrIol trlwHk;? bJOeJU zHk;/

[dkrav 'Drav [if;csdKa& yef;uefxJ
ydkufusa& ylylaEG; qm;uav;eJUwJh/

t&d&,f t&GJ&,f ajc&dk;wJhuG,f ...
vnfacsmif;oG,f? awmifyefum;? pufrIMuufom;/

a[m 'DrSm a[m 'DrSm tacgufrSm tqDaxG;
arT;ndKndK? yifcsif;,Suf? 0uf[if;wJhav;/

------------------

(vmorQvlemudk aq;xdk;vTwfaom ausmif;rS q&m0efudk)

rrIyg tdk igh&Sif? tm;enf;vm&if ...
ADwmrif at wl Zuf? aq;&HkuxGuf?
0rf;udkUpfwJh vHk;wpf&m? aq;vmxdk;yg?
'dkU a'gufwmudkvlajzmifh tyfBuD;eJUapmifh/
0rf;udkUpfwJh vHk;wpf&m? aq;vmxdk;yg?
wifyg;rSm b,fnm,Suf? xdkif&cufcuf/

------------------

ESmacgif;ydwf rcHEdkif? ikwfwkwf&ifqkdif?
&eHU BudKif xkdifr&?  'dkU tdrfomAs/

------------------

ausmif;om;/    wHcg;ydwfvdkU ? zsmvdyfum ... ewfar;wm[m olwdkUtusifh/
ausmif;ol/      wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf usdwfvdkUom ... *Pef;wGufwm olwdkUtusifh/

ausmif;om;/    ig;ydaMumf q,fjym;zdk;? q,fa,mufwkd;wm MunfUraumif;bl;/
ausmif;ol/     xrif;pm;cef; a,mifrSm;0if? aiGroGif;&if jyefxGufjyefxGuf/

ausmif;om;/    pdwfrqdk;ygeJU aqGuvsm ...  'dkUwawG[m armifESrawGyJ/
ausmif;ol/      armifESrawGrdkU? aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif ... cifrifwmawG? ajymvdkUrqHk;/